The distinguishing feature of all mammals is the female's ability to secrete milk for the nourishment of her young. So for most mammalian species, Lactation Matters simply because the species would not survive without it.       

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Actually, milk is much more more than just food, and lactation means much more than just survival:

• The mammary gland is part of the immune system, providing the baby with passive immunity against disease
• Suckling is a unique reflex between mother and baby that stimulates their nervous and endocrine systems, leading to pleasurable sensations and creating a lasting bond
• Bioactive factors in milk almost certainly help to regulate the baby's food intake, and may have other long term benefits
• Secreting milk is part of the natural cycle for the mammary gland. Without it, the chances of abnormal development and tumours are almost certainly increased

So lactation matters because breastfeeding provides the very best start in life, but that is by no means the end of the story. For centuries, the milk of our domesticated dairy species has provided mankind with an invaluable source of high quality fresh and conserved food. As our human population increases and becomes more affluent, lactation will matter more and more as our dairy industries help society to achieve global food security.